Health

Feel Deep-in-Your-Bones Exhausted Right Before Your Period? Here’s Why

Learn what causes extreme fatigue before menstruation and discover expert-backed remedies to help bolster your energy during this time.

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Photo: Stocksy/Serge Filimonov
Published Feb 25, 2024

Written by 

Jenn Sinrich

As many as 90 percent of menstruating people have premenstrual symptoms, according to a 2020 study in the Annals of General Psychiatry, with the leading hallmarks being irritability, appetite changes, mood swings, and fatigue. That last one can be a real doozy, even getting in the way of your ability to carry out your day-to-day responsibilities like work, social commitments, and raising children.

Experts in This Article

Anita Sadaty

board-certified OB/GYN and functional medicine doctor

Here, an OB/GYN explains why you might feel really tired before your period and what you can do about it.

What causes extreme fatigue before your period?

1. Natural hormone fluctuations

As with most PMS symptoms, you can likely blame this one on hormones.

Specifically, estrogen and progesterone levels are at their lowest point leading up to menstruation, says integrative gynecologist and functional medicine doctor Anita Sadaty, MD. “These ‘feel-good’ hormones can also cause a drop in serotonin, which is thought to play a role in mood and energy levels,” she says. “This can then result in feelings of fatigue, moodiness, depression, or even anxiety.”

2. Sleep problems

Along with hormonal changes directly causing fatigue, some people have trouble sleeping in the days or weeks before their period, according to the Office on Women’s Health. Indeed, people who menstruate are more likely to experience poorer sleep quality during the premenstrual and menstruation phases, according to a 2018 study in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. Not getting enough sleep at night could contribute to feelings of extreme fatigue.

3. PMDD

When PMS symptoms—including premenstrual fatigue—are severe, it could be a sign of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), according to the Office on Women’s Health. PMDD affects about 5 percent of people who menstruate, and it comes with other symptoms, such as extreme irritability or anger, feelings of sadness or depression, anxiety or panic attacks, trouble thinking or focusing, and trouble sleeping.

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4. An underlying medical issue

In some cases, it’s possible that extreme fatigue before menstruation or feeling extremely tired during your period is a sign of a medical condition such as PCOS, endometriosis, or iron-deficiency anemia. If your energy levels are truly zapped around your time of the month, it’s worth discussing it with your doctor, especially if you have any other symptoms (and if those symptoms also get in the way of your daily life).

How to cope with fatigue during menstruation

Follow these expert-approved tips for fighting fatigue in the days leading up to your period.

1. Cut back on sugar

Even though you might be craving sweets just before you get your period, it’s best not to go overboard, as it can cause you to have an energy crash that leads to extreme fatigue, warns Dr. Sadaty.

Instead, she recommends focusing on nutrient-rich foods that will bolster your energy, such as those high in omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, and vitamin D. (Think: A salad made with dark leafy greens, dressed with EVOO, and topped with sockeye salmon and walnuts.)

2. Exercise regularly

It should be no surprise that exercise can help you feel better and improve your health, but research, including one 2015 study in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, has found it can also boost your energy levels, increase your concentration, and even relieve some pesky period symptoms.

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You might not be up for high-intensity workouts if you’re feeling drained, so Dr. Sadaty recommends focusing on more mindfulness-based practices like yoga, pilates, walking, and gentle strength-training.

Good to know: The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio each week, along with two sessions of muscle-strengthening exercises.

3. Try relaxation techniques

Using mindfulness meditation techniques, deep breathing exercises, and progressive relaxation techniques may help improve mood and energy, Dr. Sadaty says. Why? These can all help you better manage stress, which can drain your energy and have a negative effect on your sleep quality.

What’s more: Maintaining a relaxed state can help balance your hormones and alleviate some of the mood swings often associated with PMS, Dr. Sadaty adds.

4. Optimize your bedtime routine

Dr. Sadaty recommends aiming for eight hours of sleep and taking precautions before bed to maximize your sleep quality, such as avoiding blue light exposure within two hours of bedtime by turning off screens, phones, TVs, and computers; drinking some relaxing tea like chamomile and lavender before bedtime; and avoiding caffeine and alcohol, which disrupt sleep.

“Set your ambient room temperature to cooler settings, like mid-60s, for deeper and more restorative sleep,” she adds.

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Can you prevent fatigue before your period?

By optimizing your nutrition, sleep, workout routine, and stress levels, fatigue levels can improve, notes Dr. Sadaty.

However, she also points out that if these interventions don’t help, it’s time to see your doctor for an evaluation.

When to see a doctor

If you’re experiencing debilitating fatigue that’s preventing you from carrying on with your day-to-day responsibilities, it’s a good idea to schedule an appointment with your OB/GYN or primary care provider. They may ask about other symptoms and/or run tests to determine if there’s a more serious condition behind your low energy levels—and if so, you could work together to come up with an effective treatment plan.

It’s also smart to see a doctor if your periods are heavy, irregular, or last longer than a week.

FAQ

When in your cycle are you most tired?

This can vary by person, but you’ll likely feel most tired in the couple of days just before your period starts, when your hormone levels are at their lowest point.

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Does PMS get worse with age?

It can. According to the Office on Women’s Health, PMS symptoms may get worse in your late 30s or 40s, as you approach menopause (when your menstrual cycle stops altogether). This transition period before menopause—called perimenopause—can last anywhere from a few years to more than a decade. It can cause your hormones to fluctuate in unpredictable ways, and for some people that can make PMS symptoms worse.

The good news? When your period stops after menopause, your PMS symptoms will go away too.

Should you sleep more on your period?

If you can set aside more time to rest and even sleep during your period, it can only help increase your energy, according to Dr. Sadaty. It may also help alleviate other symptoms that may be plaguing you, like irritability, mood swings, and cramps. “A period is a time of renewal, and ensuring adequate rest can help to ensure this process runs smoothly,” she adds.

—medically reviewed by Andrea Braden, MD, OB/GYN

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Health

Feel a Cold Coming On? This 1 Natural Remedy Can Help (and No, It’s Not Vitamin C)

Move over, citrus.

close up of wild garlic flower and leaves on a wooden table, wooden cutting board, and next to a wooden spoon and glass bowl because garlic can help a cold
Photo: Stocksy/Neil Warburton
Published Feb 7, 2025

Written by 

Contributor

Our editors independently select these products. Making a purchase through our links may earn Well+Good a commission

Dealing with a cold is the worst—stuffy nose, scratchy throat, endless sneezing fits—it’s enough to have you reaching for anything that promises relief. When over-the-counter meds don’t quite cut it, many of us turn to home remedies. While some swear by warm tea or chicken soup, a lot of folks on social media have been turning to a slightly smellier option: raw garlic. Yep, that pungent little clove has long been rumored to help fight colds. But does it really work, or is it just another home remedy hype?

Experts in This Article

Bonnie Taub-Dix

host of the Media Savvy Podcast, creator of BetterThanDieting.com, and author of 

William Li

physician-scientist and author of Eat to Beat Disease

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We asked a dietitian and healthcare expert to break down the science behind garlic’s potential immune-boosting powers and whether it can actually help you beat a bad cold.

What the research says about garlic for colds

Garlic isn’t just for spicing up your pasta—it’s been used as food and medicine for thousands of years, dating back to ancient Egypt. The magic lies in allicin1, a compound with powerful antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that support immune health, says dietitian Bonnie Taub-Dix, RDN, a registered dietitian nutritionist, author of Read It Before You Eat It - Taking You from Label to Table, and host of the Media Savvy Podcast. But can garlic really help you kick a cold?

Some promising evidence suggests that it can: One study in particular found that participants who took a garlic supplement (180 milligrams of allicin daily for 12 weeks) had significantly fewer colds2—24 occurrences compared to 65 in the placebo group. While that is a big difference, the authors cautioned that more research is needed to back up the findings.

A slightly newer systematic review—published in 2020 in Trends in Food and Science Technology—also found that garlic and its organosulfur compounds (ingredients containing the mineral sulfur, which can be found in other veggies like leeks, broccoli, and onions) have antiviral properties3 that may help prevent viral infections.

While these studies point to garlic’s potential, experts agree that more high-quality research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in preventing or treating colds. That said, it's still worth giving it a try (if you're not allergic, of course) to see if it helps you personally.

4 potential benefits of raw garlic

Raw garlic isn’t just a kitchen staple—it’s a little powerhouse of health perks. Here are a few potential health benefits you can reap from eating the aromatic vegetable.

1. It may boost immune health

The saying goes "an apple a day keeps the doctor away," but a clove of garlic might also have some immune-boosting benefits that rival the popular fruit. Case in point: garlic is thought to stimulate immune cells like macrophages and T- and B-cells, which help fight infection and produce antibodies, says William Li, MD, physician-scientist and author of Eat to Beat Disease. Studies have even found that aged garlic extract4 is associated with enhanced immune cell function because it helps immune cells replicate faster.

2. It may help prevent colds

Apart from helping fight off infection, some research suggests that garlic's bioactive ingredient allicin also contains antiviral properties5 that might help prevent viruses like the common cold, says Dr. Li. The same 2020 review in Trends in Food and Science Technology mentioned earlier backs this up, highlighting garlic’s potential in preventing colds and other viral infections by blocking pathogenic viruses6 from entering into host cells.

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3. It may help support your heart

Apart from immune system support, garlic is also considered a heart-healthy ingredient. According to Dr. Li, eating garlic almost every day may:

That said, not all studies agree on these benefits. While older studies found that garlic lowers cholesterol, newer research hasn't resulted in the same effect. This is important to keep in mind when treating an underlying heart condition; guidance from your healthcare provider and proper medication should remain the first line of care.

4. It may be protective against certain cancers

Research is limited, but some early evidence suggests that garlic (and other allium vegetables like onion) may have some cancer-fighting qualities—mostly due to its positive influence on immune cells. One review found that people who increased their garlic intake had a lower risk of certain gastrointestinal cancers9 such as stomach, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. However, other underlying factors, such as genetic risk, lifestyle habits, and previous cancer diagnoses can reduce this effect.

If you are concerned about your cancer risk, or already have cancer, your best option is to check in with your healthcare provider rather than relying on garlic consumption alone for prevention.

Are there side effects of raw garlic?

For most people, garlic is a safe, flavorful addition to make to any meal. But it's not without its own set of side effects, especially if you consume large amounts. Here are some potential side effects to watch for when eating raw garlic in particular, according to Dr. Li and Taub-Dix:

  • Digestive issues: Eating raw garlic can lead to things like heartburn, acid reflux, and diarrhea, especially if you're already prone to stomach problems.
  • Bad breath and body odor: Garlic’s strong aroma might linger in your mouth longer than you'd like, leading to some pretty ripe breath. It can even change the smell of your sweat, making it a little smellier than usual.
  • Blood thinning: In some cases, large amounts of raw garlic regularly can act like a blood thinner10, which can increase your bleeding risk overall.
  • Medication interactions: Garlic can interfere with drugs like blood thinners, HIV medications, and certain medicines that help control blood sugar, among others.

If you’re taking any prescription meds or supplements, check with your healthcare provider before adding garlic or garlic supplements to your routine. For most people, a clove or two in your cooking is perfectly safe and might even come with some bonus health perks, says Dr. Li.

How much garlic should you eat per day?

If you feel a cold coming on and want to give raw garlic a go, try eating one to two cloves per day, Dr. Li says. Any more than that could increase the odds of acid reflux, an upset stomach, or that signature "garlic breath," he adds.

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Here are some great ways to get the most out of those two cloves, per Dr. Li and Taub-Dix:

  • Chop, crush, or mince the garlic to activate an enzyme called alliinase11, which transforms garlic’s natural compound, alliin, into allicin (which, as we've learned, is the real immune-boosting powerhouse).
  • Let it rest for 10 to 15 minutes after chopping to maximize its benefits. Think of it as garlic’s “air time” to power up.

And if raw garlic isn’t your jam, no problem. Taub-Dix suggests these gentler options:

  • Crush garlic and make a tea with honey and lemon.
  • Sauté chopped garlic in olive oil and toss it with your favorite veggies.
  • Add crushed garlic to soups, broths, or sauces for a flavorful immune boost.

Pro tip: Cooked garlic has a milder taste and is less likely to give you "garlic breath," says Dr. Li. And if you prefer supplements? Garlic capsules and tablets are an option, but always check with your healthcare provider to avoid any drug interactions or side effects.

Other natural ways to relieve a cold

Not a garlic fan? No worries. Here are some other tried-and-true natural remedies from Dr. Li, Taub-Dix, and Johns Hopkins Medicine to help kick your cold to the curb:

1. Sip on some soup

Warm liquids like chicken soup or broth can remedy a sore throat, keep you hydrated, and even temporarily open your nasal passages due to the steam. Plus, it’s the ultimate comfort food during winter and peak cold season. You could even sip it from a mug like you would your morning coffee or tea.

2. Drink herbal tea with honey

Speaking of tea: Teas with ginger, turmeric, or honey tend to have both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Not only will this help soothe your sore, inflamed throat and nasal passages, but also help keep you hydrated.

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3. Load up on fruits and veggies

Sure, garlic can be a go-to if you sense a cold approaching, but loading up on plenty of fruits (like oranges, lemons, and berries) and veggies is just as important for maintaining optimal health. Plus, many fruits are packed with vitamin C, which can help support your immune system. Try adding citrus slices to tea for a hydration and vitamin boost.

4. Gargle with salt water

According to Johns Hopkins, gargling warm salt water can help reduce throat pain and swelling. Simply mix 1 teaspoon of salt in a mug of warm water, gargle over the sink, and spit.

5. Use a humidifier

Because dry air can irritate your throat, especially when sick, placing a humidifier in your bedroom while you sleep could help reduce your cold symptoms. If you don’t have a humidifier (like this one from LEVOIT, $30), try the at-home version, which is placing a bowl of water near a heat source—to add moisture to the air.

6. Get some rest

When you're feeling under the weather, your body needs plenty of rest to recover and heal. Try to rest as much as possible, which may include taking small naps, getting a full 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night, or staying in to recoup.

The bottom line

Garlic can be a helpful ally in fighting off a cold, but it’s not a cure-all. Recovery is all about balance—pairing healthy foods, proper hydration, and plenty of rest for the best results.

If your cold lingers beyond 10 to 14 days or your symptoms worsen, it might be time to see a healthcare provider. Keep an eye out for red flags like difficulty breathing, chest pain, high fever, dark phlegm, or severe dehydration, which may indicate a more serious issue beyond the common cold. Don’t hesitate to get medical help if needed—it’s always better to play it safe.

  1. Borlinghaus, Jan et al. “Allicin: chemistry and biological properties.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 19,8 12591-618. 19 Aug. 2014, doi:10.3390/molecules190812591 ↩︎
  2. Fasogbon, Beatrice Mofoluwaso, et al. “Positive therapeutic role of selected foods and plant on ailments with a trend towards covid-19: A Review.” Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, vol. 26, no. 1, 31 Mar. 2021, pp. 1–11, https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2021.26.1.1.
    ↩︎
  3. Rouf, Razina, et al. “Antiviral potential of garlic (allium sativum) and its organosulfur compounds: A systematic update of pre-clinical and Clinical Data.” Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 104, Oct. 2020, pp. 219–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.08.006.
    ↩︎
  4. Nantz, Meri P., et al. “Supplementation with aged garlic extract improves both NK and γδ-T cell function and reduces the severity of cold and flu symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled nutrition intervention.” Clinical Nutrition, vol. 31, no. 3, June 2012, pp. 337–344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.019.
    ↩︎
  5. Ankri, Serge, and David Mirelman. “Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic.” Microbes and Infection, vol. 1, no. 2, Feb. 1999, pp. 125–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(99)80003-3.
    ↩︎
  6. Artika, I Made et al. “Pathogenic viruses: Molecular detection and characterization.” Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases vol. 81 (2020): 104215. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104215 ↩︎
  7. Ried, Karin. “Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis.” Experimental and therapeutic medicine vol. 19,2 (2020): 1472-1478. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8374 ↩︎
  8. Varshney, Ravi, and Matthew J Budoff. “Garlic and heart disease.” The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 146, no. 2, Feb. 2016, https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202333.
    ↩︎
  9. Nicastro, Holly L et al. “Garlic and onions: their cancer prevention properties.” Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol. 8,3 (2015): 181-9. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0172 ↩︎
  10. Lawn, A, and P Sains. “Comment on: Not just a vampire repellent: the adverse effects of garlic supplements in surgery.” Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England vol. 94,6 (2012): 451. doi:10.1308/003588412X13373405385098 ↩︎
  11. Weiner, Lev et al. “Thiol-disulfide organization in alliin lyase (alliinase) from garlic (Allium sativum).” Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society vol. 18,1 (2009): 196-205. doi:10.1002/pro.10 ↩︎

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Health

5 Things an RD Has on Their Health and Wellness Checklist for 2025

Want this year to be your healthiest one ever? Use this RD's 2025 wellness checklist to help make it happen.

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Photo: Bayer One A Day
Published Jan 27, 2025

In Partnership With 

One A Day

Written by 

Well+Good Editors

Name a better feeling than crossing something off your to-do list. Not just metaphorically—literally taking a pen (or better yet, a just-out-of-the-box neon highlighter) and checking off tasks until every line has been crossed out. We’ll wait.

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Here’s an idea: What if you took that satisfaction and applied it to your health this year? According to Kelly Bristow, RDN, LD, registered dietitian nutritionist at Bayer, crafting a short and sweet 2025 wellness checklist is a great way to visualize your success and keep you on track.

In a recent survey conducted by One A Day®, the multivitamin and supplement brand from Bayer, 70 percent of women said they are focusing on self-care for their New Year’s goals. While nearly 9 in 10 women demonstrated a commitment to achieving their New Year’s goals, almost 50 percent said a lack of motivation has been their biggest barrier in the past.

That’s where the simple checklist comes in, Bristow says. “Lack of motivation can often be the result of doing too much too fast,” she says. “While it can feel good to just hit the ground running, keeping obtainable goals in reach can set you up for long-term success.” She finds that writing out wellness intentions in a tangible, visual way can provide a major sense of accomplishment.

So what’s on Bristow’s personal 2025 wellness checklist? Colorful eating, joyful movement, exploring a multivitamin habit, and a few more simple goals. Keep reading to find out why each one makes her top five, and get inspired to write your own list (with neon highlighters at the ready, of course).

1. Eat a colorful plate

This year, Bristow is filling her day with fruits and vegetables in every shade of the rainbow to ensure she’s maximizing her nutrient intake. “So often we focus on what we should be removing from our diet versus looking at what we can add to our day for better health,” she says. “The more color variety, the more variation in nutrition you will get.”

Once her big intention is set, Bristow’s all about breaking it down into smaller steps. “Do you have vegetables in your house? Are they washed, prepped, and ready to go? Do you enjoy the taste of them? Fresh, canned, frozen, and dried can all add color and nutrition to your day at different price points. A checklist can help you accomplish your goal more specifically.” And don’t forget to celebrate along the way, she says. “If your current intake of vegetables is zero, adding one small snacking pepper or a few cherry tomatoes to your lunch is already an improvement.”

2. Explore a daily multivitamin

Despite her best efforts to eat the rainbow (alongside a diverse diet), Bristow recommends exploring whether taking a multivitamin is right for you to fill in any nutritional gaps you may have in your diet. Multivitamins such as One A Day® Women’s Complete Multivitamin can help fill those nutritional gaps.*

A single tablet offers at least 100 percent daily value of 14 essentials nutrients such as vitamins B6 and B12, C, D, and E, as well as folic acid, biotin, and iron. It also includes calcium, magnesium, and zinc, Bristow says. “It is specially formulated with key nutrients to support bone health, immune health, skin health, healthy energy metabolism, and more.”†* And if you prefer a convenient gummy, you could try One A Day® Vitacraves® Women’s Gummies with nutrients to support the same key vital functions.†

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One A Day® Women's Complete Multivitamin - $14

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3. Find time for enjoyable exercise

Between sedentary jobs and access to technology, Americans are sitting more than they ever have, Bristow says. So she’s committing to more physical activity in 2025, and encouraging others to join her. “There are so many ways you can be active,” she says. “Find things you enjoy doing so you’ll be more likely to stick with it. Start small and try new things: a few short walks at different times of day, stretching or yoga, standing at your desk, or new hobbies like pickleball can make a big difference.”

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While any kind of fitness is great, Bristow has outdoor movement on her checklist. “Fresh air is underrated for what it can do for health and wellness,” she says. “Just 15 minutes outside can help reset—even on a brisk winter day.” And that time al fresco is made all the better when it’s spent in connection with others. For Bristow, a support system is essential when it comes to mapping out, working toward, and achieving her goals.

4. Schedule health checkups

Real talk: Sometimes making an appointment can feel like climbing Mount Everest. But if you write down your scheduling to-dos on your checklist, Bristow says, you’ll feel way more motivated to pick up the phone.

Join her in setting up routine doctor’s appointments with regular blood work to assess for heart and kidney disease and prostate cancer risk. “For women over 40, make your annual mammogram appointments to screen for breast cancer. Regular visits can help catch potential issues early and keep you on track for a healthy year.”

5. Restock the medicine cabinet

“When was the last time you checked the expiration dates on your medications? The new year can be a good time to take stock and make sure you have the essentials on hand like pain relievers, allergy meds, or cough and cold essentials,” Bristow says. “Expired medications may lose their effectiveness, and it’s better to be prepared than caught off-guard.”

Believe it or not, seasonal allergy season is right around the corner, Bristow says, so consider stocking up on allergy medications like non-drowsy Claritin®, pain relievers like Aleve® for everything from fever reduction to back and body aches, or Alka Seltzer Plus® for the next cold or flu.†

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Take a minute to draft your own wellness checklist, and then text a friend to share your top five for 2025. You might just inspire them to pull out their own paper, pens, and highlighters.

*Always talk to your doctor about adding supplements to your routine.

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Hey wellness seeker! Friendly reminder that—like all of wellness—the supplements you take are personal. Well+Good always recommends checking in with your health-care provider before adding a new supplement to your routine.

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