Ever been completely stuffed after a meal but somehow still have room for something sweet? (Cue the resounding yes.) In that case, you’re already familiar with the common phenomenon of dessert stomach—and new research shows that it's technically real, though it's not in your stomach. These conflicting cues (i.e., to know that you’re full but continue to reach for a sugary treat) actually originate from the same nerve cells in the brain.
A new study in the journal Science investigated the effects of sugar consumption in satiated mice. It found that pro-opiomelanocortin neurons (POMC)—which are found in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that helps manage the likes of hunger, thirst, and sex drive—were activated not only upon indulging in the sweet stuff but also in anticipation of eating sugar. Additionally, the researchers also conducted brain scans in 30 adult men and women, finding that the same “dessert stomach” region of the brain was activated upon consuming a sugar solution.
Dessert stomach may have evolved from your ancestors
POMC neurons release molecules letting the body know that it’s satiated, and they also release beta-endorphins: Naturally occurring opiates that trigger a sense of reward, pleasure, and the urge to consume sugar well past the point of fullness.
The lead researcher notes that there’s likely an evolutionary mechanism behind the contradictory workings of POMC neurons. Lina Begdache, PhD, RDN, CDN, CNS-S, FAND, an associate professor of health and wellness studies at Binghamton University who specializes in nutritional neuroscience, agrees. “While these neurons help regulate hunger by signaling when to stop eating, they may have also triggered sugar cravings when food was plentiful,” she explains. “This complex mechanism would have ensured that, even during times of abundance, individuals consumed and stored as much energy as possible, helping them survive future periods of scarcity.”
Remember: Sugar offers a quick fix of calories, aka energy, so you may very well attribute your sweet tooth to your primal survival instinct. “The brain’s reward system, particularly the opioid signaling pathway, may have evolved to reinforce this behavior,” Begdache adds. Unfortunately, this chain of events no longer serves us as well as it did our ancestors. Intense cravings for sugar can lead to overconsumption and consequent health issues, especially if they remain unchecked over time.
Should you follow your (dessert) stomach?
Previous studies have demonstrated sensory-specific satiety (i.e., desiring less of a given food you’ve already eaten and piquing your appetite when presented with something new) and hunger-driven cravings for sugar, yet this one uncovers the precise mechanisms driving the urge to consume sweets when we’re already full. “The study also highlights the role of the opioid system in reinforcing sugar cravings,” says Begdache. “It shows that mu-opioid receptors are activated during sugar intake, further emphasizing the connection between the opioid system and sugar's rewarding effects.”
Simply put, the thrill of the sugar high overpowers the signals of satiety, urging you to go ahead and dig into your dessert of choice.
All said, it seems as though we’re hard-wired to cave in and satisfy our hankering for dessert. However, Begdache reminds us that it’s well within our power to build meals to manage appetite and keep sugar cravings at bay. Above all, she suggests prioritizing protein, fiber, some fats, and complex carbohydrates on every plate, noting that the right balance can help regulate blood sugar levels, reduce cravings, and promote satiety.
“If you develop a sugar craving post-meal, try eating a banana, which satisfies this urge,” Begdache adds. “Drinking water regularly can also help reduce sugar cravings, as dehydration is often mistaken for hunger.” Yet, since sweet treats are among life’s greatest pleasures, there’s always room for dessert—that is, in moderation and within the context of an otherwise diverse and nutrient-rich diet.
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