Ask any mental health expert for tips on how to regain control in moments of anxiety or stress and, inevitably, their advice will start with three words: slow, deep breathing. Deep breathing isn’t a wellness cliché; the science is clear on its ability to help reduce stress and anxiety.
But if you’re wearing a mask (as most of us are required to do right now) and you start to feel anxiety or stress building inside you, breathing exercises might not be as helpful in the moment—as Sonyia Richardson, PhD, LCSW, a clinical assistant professor of social work at UNC Charlotte, recently experienced first-hand.
“I hadn’t been back out recently but I did go to the grocery store a couple of weeks ago. I remember even having my mask on, I was trying to do deep breathing because I was feeling anxious, but I was afraid to breathe,” Dr. Richardson recalls, because she was so afraid of being exposed to the coronavirus while in a crowded public space. “Deep breathing was something I didn’t feel like I was able to do. I kind of felt like I was holding my breath.” Instead, she decided to clench and unclench her fists to achieve a similar grounding feeling during a stressful moment.
That’s not to say that breathing exercises are worthless right now—Dr. Richardson says she just waited until she was back in her car alone to take her deep breaths. And some people might be totally fine deep breathing wherever they are. But it is worth remembering that as people and their circumstances change, so should their self-care techniques. Just because one modality is right for you in one situation doesn’t mean it’s always the best option in another.
Thankfully, there are also other effective relaxation techniques for stress if you’re unable to do deep breathing in the moment (or it just hasn’t worked for you in the past). Clinical psychologist, yoga teacher, and Happy Not Perfect contributor Sophie Mort, PhD, (who goes by Dr. Soph) recently shared eight methods to try on her Instagram. Here’s how they work.
1. The 54321 technique
The first technique on Dr. Soph’s list is, like deep breathing, simple and effective. “Say five things you can see, four things you can touch, three things you can hear, two things you can smell, and one thing you can taste,” she writes. If you’re actually able to touch and smell the items safely (say it’s something in your purse or a button on your shirt, for example), do that as you move through the steps. Going through this technique gives you tangible things to focus on, which can be grounding.
2. safe place meditation
If you’re in a place where you feel stressed (like the grocery store in Dr. Richardson’s example above), Dr. Soph says it can help to close your eyes and visualize somewhere that you do. It could be at home in your bed, curled up with your dog. Or maybe it’s walking on the beach with your feet sinking into the wet sand. “Visualize that place. Include all your senses,” she says.
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3. hold a piece of ice
Because ice is a sensory shock, it gives you something tangible to focus on, instead of the stressor at hand. “Focus on the way it melts in your hands,” Dr. Soph instructs. By the time it’s transformed from a solid into a puddle, chances are that you’ll feel a whole lot more calm.
4. pick up items that are near you
If ice isn’t readily available to you in the moment, Dr. Mort suggests picking up something else; whatever you have nearby, such as your keys. “Feel them in your hands. Notice the edges and any changes in texture,” she says. This is another way to give your mind something else to focus on.
5. find something you enjoy touching
Dr. Soph also says holding or touching something soft or that you enjoy touching can be soothing, too. It works the same way as a child stroking their favorite blanket, providing a sense of comfort when you need it.
6. notice the sounds further away
Touch isn’t the only way to redirect the mind. Dr. Soph says that sound can work too, giving the tip on noticing the sound furthest away, and then working your way inward, to sounds closer to you. You might start with sounds of a tree’s leaves rustling in the wind, or a dog barking in the distance, and then the sounds in your direct proximity.
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7. play music that you love
Another way to use sound to relieve stress or anxiety, according to Dr. Soph is to pop in your Air Pods and listen to something that makes you happy. (“Single Ladies” on repeat, anyone?) “Listen to the different layers of the piece,” Dr. Soph says.
8. imagine the voice of someone you care about telling you that it is all okay
Dr. Soph says that sometimes it can help to hear someone else tell you that you’re ok; she even recommends having an actual recording of someone you care about telling you that you’re safe.
The most important thing to remember when combatting stress and anxiety in the moment is that what works for someone else might not work for you. “You do not have to stay still, you do not have to close your eyes, you do not need to be in silence,” Dr. Soph writes. The key is using your senses in different ways to feel grounded.
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If you’ve ever left the house without your phone, you know how naked it can make you feel in those moments before you race back to reclaim your screen. But you’re not the only one experiencing phone dependency: One survey found that we spend up to 40 hours a week on our phones, and 40 percent of adults say they’re online almost constantly, per the Pew Research Center. Does that number surprise you? Then you may be one of those people wondering if it’s a good idea to spend less time on your phone. Enter Phone-Free February.
clinical psychologist and co-host of the Mind In View podcast
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This nonprofit campaign encourages people to use their screens less for 28 days, with the ultimate goal of interacting more with the real world. Doing Phone-Free February doesn’t mean you have to completely ditch your phone—that would be impossible for most people with jobs, anyway. But it encourages being on screens less. Here’s what the challenge involves, plus why psychologists say this trend is actually worth considering.
What is Phone-Free February, anyway?
Phone-Free February is a campaign that was co-created by the Global Solidarity Foundation, a nonprofit organization that focuses on social issues like climate justice, smartphone usage, and sustainability. Phone-Free February kicks off on February 1 and lasts for the entire month.
The overarching goal is to “promote healthier smartphone use by challenging you to go without your phone for the month of February,” according to the Phone-Free February website. Participants can choose from two levels: PhoneFlex, which challenges followers to use their phones less and be mindful about their usage, and Phone-Free, which involves putting your phone in a box for a month. (FYI, the creators of Phone-Free February admit on the challenge’s website that this second category is “radical” and “advanced.”)
If you want to do Phone-Free February the way the challenge was intended, you’ll need to sign up for a level online. But technically, you can just try to spend the month of February being more mindful about your phone usage.
Benefits of reducing your screen time
There is a lot of data to show that our phone usage isn’t exactly healthy. That said, lowering your screen time can offer some useful benefits.
Lowers risk of health conditions
Research shows that excessive screen time is linked with a higher risk of obesity, mental health concerns like anxiety and depression, and sleep complications. And unfortunately, obesity, mental health conditions, and sleep issues can all be related. “If you’re on your phone and scrolling, you usually don’t realize that you’re mindlessly snacking,” says Jaime Zuckerman, PhD, a licensed clinical psychologist based in Pennsylvania.
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Eating more than your body needs can raise your risk of obesity, obesity can then cause sleep disorders like sleep apnea, and not getting enough sleep can worsen your mental health. See the cycle? Cutting back on your screen usage can lower your risk of these health conditions and improve your overall quality of life. “Less screen time could improve your weight and, ultimately, your health,” Dr. Zuckerman adds.
Increases self-awareness
Less time for the phone = more time for you. “A big pro is that you can allow yourself to be with your thoughts when you’re not on your phone,” says Thea Gallagher, PsyD, a clinical assistant professor at NYU Langone Health and a cohost of the Mind in View podcast. “That can be powerful, and you can get to know yourself, building self-awareness of your thoughts, feelings, creative urges, dreams, and imagination.”
Improves relationships
Could your phone affect your relationships? Turns out, yes. Going screenless may also improve your relationships, says psychologist John Mayer, Ph.D., author of Family Fit: Find Your Balance in Life. “I have seen so many relationships being poisoned by one or both partners spending inordinate amounts of time on their phone and not engaging in conversation and activities with their partner,” he says. Without the excess phone usage, you may get some time back to spend with your loved ones and see them beyond the screen.
Boosts mental health
Limiting screen time also means you’re likely to be on social media less—and that can give your mental health a boost, Dr. Zuckerman says.“It reduces the self-comparison that people tend to do on social media and can improve your self-image,” she explains.
Aaron P. Brinen, PsyD, assistant professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, agrees that a lot of phone use is tied to social media. “Many of the things we are doing are algorithm-based,” he says. “Essentially it’s a digital slot machine. Just like any type of behavior on a reinforcement schedule, it’s good to step away. If you’re in Vegas, there’s value in stepping away from the gambling tables. ”When you can make intentional time to take a break, Brinen says you’ll likely notice that your anxiety goes down.
Allows you to become more present
Overall, Dr. Gallagher says that spending less time on your phone allows you to be more present in everyday life. “Phones have a tendency to pull us out of the moment,” she says. “When you remove that, you’re allowing yourself to focus on the people in your life and what’s happening around you.”
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How to spend less time on your phone
Experts say there are a few things you can do to make it easier to spend less time on your phone. Consider these tips:
Curb your app use: Disabling push notifications for apps you don’t need, like social media platforms, can go a long way. You can even delete the apps if you have trouble controlling your use, Dr. Gallagher says. “There are timers and reminders on the phones—you can use them,” Dr. Brinen adds. (He points out that he has a timer on his phone for YouTube and has found it to help limit his use.) Apps that limit screen time are also something you can try if the feature isn’t already embedded in your phone.
Designate screen-free times during the day: Dr. Gallagher suggests setting aside time when your phone is put away, like from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. (You can also hide your apps from your phone during certain times of the day, Dr. Brinen explains.) The best time frame to choose is ultimately what fits best with your work and home life schedule. If you’re a heavy phone user, Dr. Gallagher suggests going slow. “Start with 20 minutes, then 30 minutes, and note how you feel before and after,” she says. “It can give you an opportunity to see that those breaks are possible and beneficial.”
Put your phone to “bed” for the night: Many people use their phone as an alarm, but you don’t have to go this route. Instead, consider investing in an analog alarm clock and putting your phone away in another room for the night at a designated time, like an hour or half hour before you plan to go to sleep. If you’re worried about getting a call about a family emergency, you can put your phone on “do not disturb” but allow certain contacts to still get through.
Don’t feel the need to respond immediately: “A lot of us feel like we have to respond right away if somebody texts us,” Dr. Gallagher explains. “But you don’t have to do that.” Instead, she suggests setting a new precedent with yourself where you only respond to texts within a certain window of time or simply don’t feel pressure to get back to people right away. “People should not feel like they need to be constantly contactable,” she says.
What to do when you’re not on your phone
Have the health benefits of reducing screen time convinced you to try the challenge? We’re rooting for you! But, going without a phone (for short or long periods of time) can still be challenging in this day of age. If you’re seeking ideas of what to do with the newly-founded time in your schedule, look no further. Here’s what our experts recommend to maximize your screenless time:
Focus on things you enjoy: If you have certain hobbies in place already, Dr. Zuckerman recommends focusing on them more. But she also stresses that you don’t need to spend time doing something during your screenless time because you feel obligated to do it. “If exercising isn’t something you enjoy, don’t do it during that time,” she says. “You have to make sure these are things you enjoy.”
Try to spend time outside:Research has linked outdoor time to better mental health, but Dr. Zuckerman says it’s important to get out in a way that feels natural to you. “You don’t need to go on a hike,” she says. “You can just sit on a bench during a lunch break or take a quick walk outside.”
Have conversations with other people: It sounds simple, but Dr. Gallagher explains that you’ll be surprised at how much better conversations flow when you’re not distracted by your phone. Dr. Mayer agrees. “Talk to your partner, your kids. Let’s get back to good conversations,” he adds.
Start reading: It’s not for everyone, but Dr. Gallagher points out that reading a good book can be a nice substitution for time you would have otherwise spent scrolling. Don’t love books? Try a magazine, comic book, or poetry. Reading shouldn’t be a chore, so find something that actually piques your interest.
Spend time with your thoughts: You don’t have to be doing something, physically or mentally, at all hours of the day, Dr. Gallagher says. Taking time to sit, think, and reflect can help you become more mindful and maybe even learn a few things about yourself along the way.
The bottom line
Phone-Free February challenges you to be more mindful about your phone usage. If you feel like you’re probably picking up your phone too often or doomscrolling even though you didn’t even want to, you’re not alone. But, here’s your chance to be more proactive about your habits.
Doing your best to cut down on your screen time can help boost your mental and physical health, and even improve your relationships with loved ones. Just be honest with yourself about when you need to use your phone, and when you don’t, and take things from there. It’s not always easy to give up the devices in our technology-driven world, but be kind to yourself and don’t judge too hard if you still need to be on your phone from time to time. When in doubt, remember what Dr. Gallagher says: “Have compassion for yourself.”
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